Anuradhapura – The Sacred City of Sri Lankan Buddhist Civilization

Located in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province, Anuradhapura is one of the oldest cities in the world that people still live in today. It was once the island’s first capital and the heart of Theravāda Buddhism for over 1,000 years. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it’s a peaceful and deeply spiritual destination where ancient history and living traditions come together.

The city is home to massive ancient stupas, lotus ponds, moonstones, finely carved guard stones, and vast reservoirs built by ancient kings. It is most famous for the Sri Maha Bodhi Tree, a descendant of the original Bodhi tree in India under which the Lord Buddha attained enlightenment. Even today, pilgrims from across Sri Lanka gather here in white robes, chanting and offering flowers in age-old rituals that keep the city spiritually alive.

Among the most iconic sites are the Ruwanwelisaya Stupa, with its massive white dome; Jetavanaramaya, once one of the tallest structures of the ancient world; Thuparamaya, considered the oldest stupa in Sri Lanka; and the Abhayagiri Monastery, a historic center of Buddhist learning.

Unlike many ancient capitals, Anuradhapura is not just an archaeological site — it remains vibrantly alive. Monks chant in temples, pilgrims light oil lamps at dusk, and elephants from nearby villages occasionally roam through the sacred grounds.

It is a quiet yet powerful place, where the connection between past and present can be deeply felt — offering every visitor a truly peaceful and spiritual experience.

Top Activities in Anuradhapura

• Visit the Sacred Bodhi Tree (Sri Maha Bodhiya)
  Believed to be over 2,300 years old, this tree is the oldest historically documented tree in the world and a deeply revered pilgrimage site.
• Explore Ruwanwelisaya Stupa
  One of Sri Lanka’s most sacred temples, glowing white under the sun and beautifully illuminated at night.
• Admire Jetavanaramaya and Abhayagiri Monasteries
  Marvel at the scale of these ancient structures, once among the tallest in the world.
• Visit Thuparamaya Temple
  Considered the oldest stupa in Sri Lanka, Thuparamaya houses a relic of the Buddha. It features unique architectural elements and is an important historical site for Buddhist devotees.
• Visit Lovamahapaya
  Also known as the Brazen Palace, this ancient structure is a significant archaeological site in Anuradhapura. It served as a monastic complex and showcases impressive ancient architecture.
• Walk through the Royal Gardens and Twin Ponds
  Discover ancient bathing pools, lotus-shaped ponds, and symmetrical stone works surrounded by greenery.
• Visit Isurumuniya Temple
  A rock temple known for its carvings, including the famous “Isurumuniya Lovers” sculpture.
• Cycle through the Ancient City
  Rent a bicycle and explore the vast complex at your own pace — peaceful, scenic, and immersive.
• Watch Sunset at Mihintale
  Just a short drive away, this sacred mountain is believed to be where Buddhism was first introduced to Sri Lanka.

Best Time to Visit

• Dry Season : May to September (less rainfall, good for outdoor sightseeing).
• Pilgrimage Season : Full moon Poya days are busy and spiritually vibrant.
• Temperature : Hot year-round (avg. 30–34°C); early mornings and evenings are most pleasant.

Pro Tips

• Dress modestly : Shoulders and knees must be covered when visiting sacred sites.
• Remove shoes and hats : Required before entering temples or stepping onto stupa platforms.
• Stay hydrated : The area can be very hot; bring water, sunscreen, and a hat.
• Explore by bicycle : The ruins are spread out — cycling is efficient and enjoyable.
• Respect rituals : Many sites are active places of worship; maintain silence where appropriate.
• Combine with : Sigiriya, Dambulla, and Wilpattu National Park for a cultural and naturepacked itinerary.